Process of making cement-lined metal pipes.



PATENTBD MAY A23, 1905.`

No. 790,372. l

" J. T. LANGPORD.

.PROCESS of' MAKING CEMENT LINBD MBTALHPES.

AVPPLIOLTION FILED NOV. 17,1902.

Ivi-9.1..

UNITED STATES Patented May 23, 1905.'

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN T. LANGFORDV, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 790,372, dated May`23,1905.

Application filed November 17, 1902. Serial No. 131,614.

A ing Cement-Lined Metal Pipes, of which the pipes was loosely andunevenlyapplied and following is a specification. v

My invention relates to a process or method of lining metal pipes with alining of cement or its equivalent and lining pipe couplings or hubs (bywhich I mean a connecting medium for joining together two pipes) with anabutment of cement or its equivalent.

Prior to my invention the cement lining of was easily broken intransportation. For this and `other reasons such cement-lined pipes havenot been merchantable and their field of use has been very limited,being practically restrictedl to those occasions and circumstances wherepipe can be lined at or near the place at which they are to be used.

For reasons above referred to it has been found impracticable by methodsof lining in use prior to my invention to provide cementlined pipescapable of sustaining the requirements of a water-pipe for a publicwatersupply.

Notwithstanding cement lined pipe has proven to be the most healthfulconduit through which water for domestic'use may vbe conveyed, suchpipes for the reasons stated had not prior to my invention obtainedgeneral public approval and their use was restricted within thenarrowlim'its mentioned. The lining within such pipes lacks density,durability, and the strength to stand transportation without injury.

By my invention cement-lined pipes may be manufactured by which all theobjections existing to previously-known cement-lined pipes are obviated,and pipe lined with cement that combines the attributes of purity,durability, and st-rength is afforded.

My invention, as will hereinafter appear, resides in the new method orprocess of lining pipes with cement or equivalent and of lining pipeconnections, such as couplings or hubs,

through the open end of the pipe into the y space between the core andpipe, which space is hereinafter termed the lining-space. In this waythe cement is caused to firmly adhere to the interior wall of the pipeand be solidly filled and densely compacted in said lining-space,resulting in a cement lining of great density and purity and whicheffectively protects the pipe from oxidation, is durable, of greatstrength, and which may be transported great distances for use withoutinjury. Such is the character of my improved process in its broaderaspect. More specifically, the process consists in connecting one Aendof the pipe to a lining-sleeve having a nozzle, inserting a core Withinthe pipe, supported from the nozzle centrally in the pipe to provide alining-space, attaching to the .pipe a lining-base having air-passagesthrough which the air in the lining-space may escape,

connecting to the lining-nozzlel a reservoir containing a cementmixture, and applying pressure to force the cement from the reservoirthrough'the open end of the pipe into the lining-space, filling saidspaceand compacting the cement therein, after which the severalinstrumentalities are removed, leaving the pipe with a smooth solidlining firmly compressed thereto.

In lining pipe-connecting elements, such as couplings or hubs, with acement abutment the connecting element is preliminarily prepared toreceive and retain the cement. Then, preferably, a core is introducedthereinto and a lining-base is connected therewith, leaving a spacewithin the connecting element between the core and the Wall of saidelement to receive the cement, and a suitable cement is then forced intosuch space, resulting in the formation of an elastic or yielding' cementabutment or cushion within and firmly attached to the coupling element,against which the ends of connected pipes engage, whereby a tight jointmay be secured without the use of serrated pipe or other tools whichbreak the exterior coating of the pipe and hasten the decomposition ofthe pipe and pipe-connecting elements.

-The pipe and pipe connecting elements when completed according to myprocess will have a smooth solid lining of large internal diameter,dense, strong, impervious to moisture, and resistant to impurities andto forces that destroy cement and the metal of the pipe and possessingstrength to safely stand transportation and the rough handling' incidentthereto. A pipe lined according to my invention affords a pure anddurable conduit especially adapted for conveying and maintaining thepurity of water for domestic use.

In carrying my invention into practice I make use, preferably, ofinstrumentalities such as shown in the accompanying drawings, in whichdrawings are illustrated the various steps of the process; but to theutilization of these or other particular instrumentalities my inventionis not restricted.

,In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinalsectional view of the preferred apparatus for lining screw-threaded pipewith a pipe to be lined connected thereto. Fig. 2 is a cross-section onthe line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail top plan view showing thelining-base and illustrating the means for escape of air from thelining-space. Fig. 4 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a linedpipe and a pipe-connecting element, such as a hub or couplinglined withan abutment according to my invention. Fig. 5 is a crosssection of thepipe shown in Fig. 4.

In describingmy improved method or proeess reference will vbe had to theaccompanying drawings and to the letters of reference thereon.

In said drawings the reference letter A designates a reservoircontaining the cement compound, (lettered B.)

C is a piston arranged to move in the reservoir A and to which externalpower of any suitable description is applied in any suitable manner toforce the cement compound into the lining-space within the pipe orpipe-connecting element.

rlhe reservoir A is provided with an opening at its lower end, beneathwhich is arranged a centrally-perforated lining-nozzle D.' having anexternal screw-thread D rIhe reference-letter E designates aliningsleeve constructed to be detachably secured to the lining-nozzle,to which sleeve one end of the pipe is adapted to be connected and bywhich it is sustained in position during the lining operation.

The reference-letter G designates what I term a lining-base, which isfitted to the lower end of the pipe to be lined and which is providedwith a series of small openings g to permit escape of air from theliningspace within the pipe or pipe-connecting element.

The reference-letter H designates a core which is introduced into thepipe, leaving a space between itself and the interior wall of the pipeor pipe-connecting element into which the cement lining is to be forced,and which space, as before stated, I term a liningspace.

The reference-letter F designates the pipe to be lined.

In practicingmy improved method or process of lining pipe thelining-sleeve E is attached to the nozzle I), and one end of the pipe tobe lined is in turn connected to said sleeve, by which it is supportedduring the lining operation. The lining-base is then attached to thelower end of the pipe and the core is introduced into therpipe, heiligcentered and su pported therein by means of the centering-rod H, havingwings lt', that take their bearings withln the nozzle l). The

lower end of the core may, if desired, be reduced, as illustrated, andthis end of the core rests in the seat g in the lining-base (i, wherebyit is centered at its lower end. The reservoir A is then connected tothe lining-nozzle and supplied with the cement mixture. 'lhe piston isthen caused to force the cement from the reservoir through the nozzleand the lining-sleeve through the open end of the pipe into thelining-space between the core and the interior wall of the pipe. Duringthis operation the air in the lining-space escapes through theventilating-perforations y in the lining-base. The degree of pressureexerted in this action may be varied. 1 have found a pressure rangingbetween live and ten hundred pounds to the square inch suitabledint I donot restrict my invention to any particular degree of pressure. When thepipe has thus been lined, the reservoir is removed, the core withdrawn,and the pipe disconnected from the lining-sleeve and lining-base. Thepositive forcing of the cement mixture under pressure into thelining-space within the pipe, solidly filling and closely compacted insaid space, results in a smooth, dense, and strong lining which isfirmly compressed to or connected with the interior surface of the pipe.The same generic process is practiced when a pipe-connecting element,such as a coupling or hub, is to be lined with an abutment for thepurpose heretofore explained, and preferably with the assistance ofinstrumentalities such as shown in the drawings. 'lhe lining-sleevereferred to, however, is not needful in this operation. Thepipe-connecting element may be attached directly to the nozzle, and asuitable lining-base inserted into the lower end of the coupling elementand lOO made to engage with the interior screw-threads of the connectingelement. When the `coupling or hubv has been thus connected, a core isintroduced th'ereinto, and cement composition of a character suitablefor the purpose is forced through the nozzle into the liningspace withinsaid element, filling the same and forming an abutment therein, which isdesignated by the reference-letter E, Fig. 4.

In Fig. 4 of the drawings the completed lined pipe and a connectingelement, such as a coupling or hub, kare illustrated. In this ligure Ihave also shown packing-rings E'". These packing-rings may or may not beused, according to the necessities of particular situations. My presentinvention does not concern the same and is not 'in any sense limitedthereto. ligure of the drawings indicate coatings applied to the cementlining and the metal pipe. Such coatings are desirable in the completedcommercial articles; but the same are not concerned in my presentinvention, pipe having such coatings being disclosed and claimed in myLetters Patent No. 724,892, dated April 7, 1903, andthey areillust-rated herein merely for the purpose of showing a completefinished commercial article. f

It will be understood, of course, that the apparatus orinstrumentalities shown and described are illustrative' merely, and thatmy invention resides in the method or process and is not restricted toany particular apparatus or instrumentalities for carrying it intoeffect.

Having vthus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. Theherein-described method `or process of lining metal pipe, consisting incentering and supporting a core within thepipe, leaving a lining-spacebetween said core and pipe, forcing'a liningof cement, under pressure,through theopen end of the pipeinto said space, whereby itis compactedand compressed' therein, and then'removing'the core.

The reference-letters I and Kin this 2. The herein-described method orprocess of' lining metal pipe, consisting in centering and supporting acore within a pipe-connecting element, leaving a lining-space betweenthe core and the pipe-connecting element, forcing a lining of cementunder pressure through the open end of the pipe-connecting element intosaid space, whereby it is 'compacted and compressed therein, and thenremoving the core, substantially in the manner and for the purpose setforth.

3. The herein-described method or process of lining metal pipe,consisting in inserting a core within the pipe, connecting said pipe andcore in cooperative relation to the cement-reservoir, then forcingcement, under pressure, from the reservoir through the open end of thepipe into the space between the core and the pipe, whereby the cement iscompacted and compressed in said space, disconnecting the core and pipefrom the reservoir, and finally removing the core from the pipe,substantially as described.

4. The herein-described method or process of lining metal pipe,consisting in inserting a core within a pipe-connecting element, and

connecting said pipe-connecting element and" the core 1n cooperativerelation to a cementreservoir, then forcing cement, under pressure, fromthe reservoir through the open end' of the pipe-connecting element intothe space between the core and the pipe-connecting elecompressed in saidspace, disconnecting the core and the pipe-connecting element from thereservoir, and finally removing the core from the pipe-connectingelement, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have axed my signature in presence oftwow'itnesses.

JOHN lT. LANGFORD. Witnesses:

ALBAN ANDRN, FRANK J. STILEs.

ment, whereby the cement is compacted andl I'

